What defines a short circuit in an electrical system?

A short circuit is defined by the presence of an unintended low-resistance path that allows excessive current to flow through the circuit. This situation often occurs when there is an accidental connection between two conductive points that should not be connected, enabling current to bypass the intended load. Since electricity follows the path of least resistance, this low-resistance path can lead to a surge in current, which can cause overheating, damage to electrical components, or even fires if not protected by appropriate circuit breakers or fuses.

Understanding this concept is crucial for anyone working with electrical systems, as recognizing the signs of a short circuit can help prevent serious accidents and equipment failures. The other choices do not accurately reflect the nature of a short circuit; they either describe ideal conditions for circuits or conditions that do not facilitate current flow, which are not characteristics of a short circuit.